The Swiss Guard is the oldest active military body. From its foundation in 1506 under the papacy of Julio IIthey have served uninterruptedly as protectors of the Pope and the city of the Vatican. With more than 500 years of history, this small but emblematic army has become one of the most recognizable symbols of the Vatican, not only for its work, but also for its colorful uniform.
Its origin dates back to a time when many young Swiss, pushed by poverty, sought work as mercenaries. Julio II, in need of loyal soldiers to protect the interests of the Church in the midst of its military campaigns, resorted to the Swiss cantons Federation To recruit these men. He January 21, 1506a group of 150 soldiers arrived in Rome, starting the history of the Swiss Guard.
The looting of Rome and the moment that defined them
One of the most remembered episodes in the history of this body took place during the Rome looting in 1527. In the middle of chaos, the Swiss guards defended the Pope courageous Clemente VIIallowing him to escape for the famous “Burgus Passage” to the Sant’Angelo Castle. Although many soldiers died in the confrontation, his sacrifice consolidated his reputation as faithful defenders of the Pontiff.
Years of decay and rebirth under Jules repond
Despite his glorious past, the Swiss guard lived years of decline. During the nineteenth century, prolonged peace and lack of modernization made a dent in their operational capacity. This deterioration was evident during critical moments such as kidnapping of Pío VII by Napoleon wave Rome fall in 1870 During the Italian unification, when they barely opposed resistance.
The transformation came with Jules repondwho assumed command at the beginning of the 20th century. Repond completely reformed the institution: it introduced new training, updated the weapons and established more rigorous entry requirements. It was also the one who designed the current uniform, inspired, as it is believed, in Rafael’s fresh and with the blue, red and yellow colors of the family Medici.
Requirements to enter the Swiss Guard
Today, being part of this select body requires complying with a very specific list of conditions. According to the official Vatican page, these are the main requirements:
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Be a man and Swiss citizen.
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Be Practical Catholic.
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Have between 19 and 30 years.
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Measure at least 1.74 meters.
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Have completed the military service In Switzerland.
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Possess one professional training or access to the university.
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Be single When entering and committing not to marry during the first 5 years of service.
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Overcome evidence of physical and mental health.
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Have one impeccable reputation.
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Sign a commitment to 26 month service.
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Possess driving card (Category B).
More than a tradition: Vatican identity symbol
Beyond its surveillance and security functions, the Swiss Guard has become a living emblem in the history of the Vatican. Its ceremonial presence in official acts and its time uniform contrast with their modern training and the real role they play as a security body.
While the Vatican prepares for a new chapter after the death of the Pope Francisthe Swiss Guard remains firm, as it has done for more than five centuries, next to Pedro’s successor.