The incidence of colon cancer increases among young people globally and in Spain: why?

Colon cancer is one of the most common oncological diseases worldwide. This type of tumor affects the large intestine and rectum, located in the final part of the digestive system. According to recent data, colorectal cancer occupies the third place among the most common and the second in terms of mortality, becoming a major concern for global health systems.

In Spain, In 2023, 40,203 new cases of colon cancer will be diagnosedwhich highlights the need for prevention and early diagnosis strategies. However, a phenomenon that has alarmed experts in recent years is the increase in this disease. in people under 50 years of age, a trend that contrasts with the decrease in cases in older age groups thanks to screening programs and periodic colonoscopies.

Increase in cases of colon cancer

A recent study, published in The Lancet Oncologyanalyzes data from the WHO and the International Research Agency on Cancer in 50 countries. The results show a significant increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer among those under 50 years of age, especially in people under 30whose annual case rate grows more than 3%. This increase is not limited to developed countries such as New Zealand, England and Chile, but it also affects nations in Latin America, Asia and Eastern Europe.

According to a study by the Spanish Cancer Association, almost 40% of those interviewed would undergo a colonoscopy “only if it is essential” | Source: DreamstimeDreamtimeDreamtime

In Spain, although cases in young adults do not show such a marked increase, experts warn that this trend could be replicated in the future. On the other hand, in groups over 50 years old, Diagnoses have stabilized or decreased thanks to advances in prevention and early detection.

Factors that explain the increase in cases of colon cancer

The increase in cases among young adults could be related to changes in modern lifestyle. A diet rich in ultra-processed foods, a sedentary lifestyle and exposure to unfavorable environmental factors are some of the possible triggers. Although the hereditary component is limited, Its influence should not be discounted, especially in patients with a family history of colorectal cancer.

Implications and recommendations

This increase requires new prevention and surveillance strategies that not only focus on older adults, but also talso consider the young. Among the experts’ recommendations are:

  • Maintain healthy habits: Opt for a balanced diet, rich in fiber and low in saturated fat, as well as including regular physical activity.
  • Be attentive to the symptoms: Changes in stool, persistent abdominal pain or alterations in intestinal rhythm should be evaluated by a doctor.
  • Promote early detection programs: Extending screening programs to younger ages could be key to detecting cases in the early stages.