Pollution of rivers is a growing environmental problem worldwide, and a recent study carried out by the University of York, in the United Kingdom, has highlighted a worrying reality: The most polluted river in Europe flows in Spain, specifically in the capital of the country. This finding underlines the urgent need to take measures to improve water quality and protect the river ecosystem.
The investigation, directed by Dr. John Wilkinson, analyzed the state of 258 rivers in different countries, collecting water samples in 1,052 points located in 104 nations. The objective was to detect the presence of 61 pharmaceutical substances, including antibiotics, antidepressants, insomnia medicines and beta blockers.
The results were alarming: 25.7% of the sampled rivers presented at least one substance in concentrations that exceeded the levels considered safe for aquatic organisms. Among them, The Manzanares River, which is going through the city of Madrid, was identified as the most contaminated in Europe.
The fact that the Manzanares is the river with the greatest contamination in Europe places the Spanish capital in a critical position in regard to the quality of its water resources. Beyond being a historical emblem of the city, the river is a key piece of the urban ecosystem. Its deterioration is a serious problem not only for local biodiversity, but also for the image and well -being of Madrid.
This phenomenon is not exclusive to Spain or Europe. The study reveals that many rivers in Latin America, Africa and Asia have similar or even higher levels of pollution. However, the fact that Manzanares leads the list on the European continent emphasize the urgent need to implement effective solutions.
Pollutants present at Manzanares
Manzanares water analysis has detected the presence of several pharmaceutical compounds, including paracetamol, caffeine, metformin, fexofenadine, sulfamethoxazole, metronidazole and gabapentin. ANDn the river water there are 28 drugs presentaccording to an international Wilkinson study.
These elements do not only affect aquatic organisms, altering their behavior and reproductive capacity, but They also suppose an indirect threat to humans. Prolonged exposure to certain compounds can favor antibiotic resistance and generate risks to public health.
To do this, the Madrid community began trying about a new solution about a month ago: Instead of using chemicals, it has begun to use bacteria, fungi, microalgae and plants. This method is directed above all to eliminate two of the most frequent compounds: paracetamol and antihistamines.
Environmental and sanitary consequences
Pollution of rivers with drugs is a serious problem with devastating effects on ecosystems. The presence of these pollutants in the water alters the biological balance, affecting the survival of fish, amphibians and other species that depend on the river. Besides, Antibiotic waste can contribute to the development of resistant bacteriaa phenomenon that puts at risk the effectiveness of medical treatments globally.
On a human level, although Manzanares water is not potable, Its pollution reflects a broader problem in the management of urban and industrial waste. The accumulation of drugs in river channels is an indication that water treatment systems are not effectively eliminating these compounds.
What can be done to reverse the situation?
The solution to this problem requires an integral approach that involves the authorities, the pharmaceutical industry and citizenship. Some key measures include:
- Improvement of water treatment infrastructure: It is essential to invest in more advanced technologies that allow eliminating pharmaceutical waste before they reach rivers.
- Regulation of the use and disposal of medicines: It is necessary to implement stricter regulations on the elimination of drugs, preventing them from ending in drains and sewers. Although this really blames the citizen, since biologically between 30 % and 90 % of the drugs that humans consume, and also animals, are expelled without metabolizing.
- Citizen awareness: Educating the population about environmental impact can promote more responsible practices.
The study of the University of York has shown a problem that requires immediate attention. However, it also represents An opportunity to reflect on the impact of our environmental actions and take concrete measures to reverse the damage. With coordinated and sustainable efforts, it is possible to restore the health of the Manzanares River and preserve this vital resource for future generations.