He October 12 It appears on the calendars of numerous Latin American countries, but the date has different meanings on both sides of the Atlantic. While Spain celebrates its National Holidayseveral American States dedicate the day to cultural diversity, indigenous peoples or resistance to colonization.
The historical starting point is arrival of Christopher Columbus’ expedition to America in 1492. Over time, the institutions of each country have changed the way they remember that event. Therefore, talking about Columbus Day to refer to all these commemorations is imprecise.
Argentina and Chile
In Argentinathe legislation includes the Day of Respect for Cultural Diversity. In 2026, the holiday corresponds to Monday, October 12. The name emphasizes the recognition of different cultures and indigenous peoples.
In Chilithe day is known as Day of the Meeting of Two Worlds. It is also a holiday, although its regulations contemplate moving it when it coincides with certain days of the week. This year it falls on a Monday.
What is it called in Mexico and Colombia?
Mexico declared in 2020 on October 12 as Pluricultural Nation Day. The commemoration recognizes the diversity of the country and the presence of its indigenous and Afro-Mexican peoples.
Colombia use the name of Day of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity of the Colombian Nation. Law 2347 of 2024 established this name and its status as a national holiday, with measures aimed at recognizing the different ethnicities and cultures of the territory.
Although the expression Columbus Day continues to appear in everyday language and in some calendars, it does not describe all official denominations in an updated way.
Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru
In Venezuela commemorates the Indigenous Resistance Day. The focus of the day is on indigenous peoples and their resistance to colonization.
Bolivia declared on October 12 Decolonization Day through a decree of 2011. That same year, Ecuador established the Interculturality and Plurinationality Daylinked to the recognition of the cultures and nationalities that coexist in the country.
In Peruthe date is called Day of Native Peoples and Intercultural Dialogue. The commemorative activities focus on their languages, customs and contributions to Peruvian society.
Commemorating October 12 does not always mean having a party
The difference also affects the work calendar. A date can include official or educational events without implying a general day of rest.
Uruguayfor example, includes October 12 among its working holidays. Therefore, before organizing a trip or assuming that shops and offices will close, it is advisable to check the country’s work calendar and the hours of the specific establishment.